Estimating the starting time and identifying the type of urbanization based on dense time series of landsat-derived Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps – A case study of North Taiwan from 1990 to 2015     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Land cover and land use change (LCLUC) is a global phenomenon, and LCLUC in urbanizing regions has substantial impacts on humans and their environments. In this paper, a semi-automatic approach to identifying the type and starting time of urbanization was developed and tested based on dense time series of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps derived from Landsat surface reflectance imagery. The accuracy of modeled V-I-S fractions and the estimated time of initial change in impervious cover were assessed. North Taiwan, one of the regions of the island of Taiwan that experienced the greatest urban LCLUC, was chosen as a test area, and the study period is 1990 to 2015, a period of substantial urbanization. In total, 295 dates of Landsat imagery were used to create 295 V-I-S fraction maps that were used to construct fractional cover time series for each pixel. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)s for the modeled Vegetation, Impervious, and Soil were 25 %, 22 %, 24 % respectively. The time of Urban Expansion is estimated by logistic regression applied to Impervious cover time series, while the time of change for Urban Renewal is determined by the period of brief Soil exposure. The identified location and estimated time for newly urbanized lands were generally accurate, with 80% of Urban Expansion estimated within ±2.4 years. However, the accuracy of identified Urban Renewal was relatively low. Our approach to identifying Urban Expansion with dense time series of Landsat imagery is shown to be reliable, while Urban Renewal identification is not.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙区1961-2016年降水特征     

张雪琴  刘树林  冯坤  郭紫晨  康文平  陈翔  支莹 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):141-150

基于毛乌素沙区10个气象站1961-2016年观测资料，应用Mann-Kendall方法和t检验法对各气象站年降水量进行了突变检验，借助小波分析讨论了各气象站年降水量的周期特征，根据降水量等值线划分结果对整个研究区分区分析了年、季、月和日尺度上的降水变化特征，并在两个时段上分析了季节性降水的差异。结果表明：毛乌素沙区年降水量空间特征差异明显，东部亚区呈上升趋势，中西部亚区呈下降趋势，但变化趋势不显著且无突变发生；降水年内分配不均，干湿季分明，降水集中在5-9月，夏秋季降水占全年降水比重大，季、月和日尺度降水量存在梯度递减变化；年降水量的年际变化过程存在多重时间尺度的自相似结构；近26年的冬春季降水增加显著，但降水波动幅度小于前30年。  相似文献   

适用于快速远程检测海水中氰化物的方法研究     

姚竞芳  袁涛  敖俊杰  顾佳媛  李佳凡 《海洋科学》2018,42(11):24-28

建立了一种适用于海洋远程快速检测氰化物的检测方法,设计了一体化检测装置,未来可搭载到无人艇上实现自动快速检测。针对最佳检测条件进行了一系列优化,得到最佳检测条件:对于100 mL的待测样品,加入酒石酸固体1.5 g;用1～2滴浓度为150 g/L的碳酸钠溶液浸润苦味酸试纸;加热温度80℃,加热时间10min。在最佳检测条件下,检测检出限达0.3mg/L。该方法实现了适用于海水氰化钠的远程检测,大大提高了检测效率,无需人员进入污染现场,安全性高。可广泛用于海洋危化品泄漏、湖泊污染、现场应急筛选等场合的水体样品快速检测。  相似文献   

基于连续帧间差分的抛弃式探头三维下沉运动处理方法研究     

陈振涛  刘凤  王晓蕾  罗文 《海洋技术学报》2018,(2):7-12

抛弃式探头由无人机装载,能够在较远目标区域和危险海域开展海洋水文环境剖面参数的测量。通过安装不同传感器,可以实现对温度、盐度的剖面测量,其深度的测量采用数学方法计算得到。针对双摄像机水箱实验获得的5个不同攻角实验结果,分析了常用的运动目标的检测方法,最终选择基于连续帧间差分法,确定探头的三维坐标位置,进而得到探头下沉运动的三维运动轨迹和速度曲线等信息。探头从水面释放后攻角在下沉过程中不断调整,改变运动姿态,同时伴随自身的旋转,抵消水平方向阻力作用,初始攻角产生的深度测量误差主要体现在加速过程,探头达到匀速运动后测量误差不变,在不考虑横流的情况下,探头最后以匀速垂直下落运动。  相似文献   

InSAR滑坡探测技术研究——以金沙江乌东德水电站段为例     

康亚  赵超英  张勤  刘晓杰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(10):1053-1057

采用3类InSAR产品和DEM数据开展金沙江流域乌东德水电站段的潜在滑坡探测，成功识别出多处已知和未知的滑坡点，并探测出滑坡体的形态及稳定性，提供了一种高效的大范围滑坡探测技术。同时采用小基线集InSAR技术对金坪子滑坡进行监测，不仅获得该滑坡的空间分区特征，也获取重点滑坡区的时间序列结果，并且与地面监测结果比较，精度达1.8 cm。展示了不同InSAR技术在不同尺度滑坡调查与监测中的应用特点。  相似文献   

Scales of predator detection behavior and escape in Fissurella limbata: A field and laboratory assessment          下载免费PDF全文

Tatiana Manzur  Avia Gonzalez‐Mendez  Bernardo R. Broitman 《Marine Ecology》2018,39(2)

The consumptive effects of predators are widely acknowledged, but predation can also impact prey populations through non‐consumptive effects (NCEs) such as costly antipredator behavioral responses. The magnitude of antipredator behavioral responses by prey is determined by an assessment of risk using sensory cues, which in turn is modulated by the environmental context. We studied the detection behavior and escape response of the keyhole limpet Fissurella limbata from the predatory sea star Heliaster helianthus. Through laboratory and field experimental trials, we quantified the distance and time of predator detection behavior by the prey, and measured their active escape responses when elicited. We found that predator detection by the limpet was chiefly mediated by distance, with experimental individuals capable of detecting predator presence effectively up to distances of at least 50 cm in the field and 70 cm under laboratory conditions. Our results indicate that this prey species is able to evaluate the proximity of its predator and use it as an indication of predation risk; therefore, predator–prey distance appears to be a primary predictor of the magnitude of the antipredator response. Given the tight relationship between predator distance and prey movement and the important role herbivores can play, particularly in this ecosystem, we expect that NCEs will cascade to the patterns of abundance and composition of rocky shore communities through changes in prey foraging behavior under risk.  相似文献   

COSMO-SkyMed颜色变换强度RC法南京建设用地变化检测     

张涛  王源  陈富龙  周伟  胡祺 《测绘通报》2019,(11):74-78,84

基于非局部滤波的SAR强度RC合成变化检测法对小图斑、线型地物等动态监测灵敏，且对数据获取无时空基线要求，在多云多雨城市地表要素变化检测中具备潜力。本文研究以多时相SAR强度RC合成图为数据源，提出一种基于色彩空间变换的变化图斑半自动提取方法，即通过色彩空间转换、训练样本选取、监督分类影像分割、变化区域提取4步骤，可实现基于SAR强度图的城市建设用地动态监测与图斑高效更新。选取南京河西新城与江北新区为示范，以最优参数配置（3特征向量与10样本类别）进行试验，实现了优于88%的建设用地查准率指标。  相似文献   

基于卷积神经网的CCTV视频中排水管道缺陷的智能检测     

吕兵  刘玉贤  叶绍泽  闫臻 《测绘通报》2019,(11):103-108

作为地下空间信息测绘工作的一个重要部分，基于排水管道内部测绘信息的管道缺陷检测越来越受到人们的重视。CCTV技术是一种广泛使用的排水管道内部测绘与缺陷检测技术。近些年基于卷积神经网的人工智能技术在图像识别中取得了巨大成功，受此启发，提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的排水管道缺陷的检测方法，以提高CCTV视频中的管道缺陷检测的自动化和智能化。试验证明了该方法的有效性，其在缺陷识别的准确率和召回率及识别速度上均满足了排水管道缺陷智能检测的需要；同时该方法也已经在深圳市的排水管道检测中得到广泛的应用。  相似文献   

新型移动三维激光扫描技术在盾构管片椭圆度检测中的应用     

李军  高涛 《测绘通报》2019,(12):159-162

铁运营阶段对隧道结构的变形监测保证了地铁运行的安全，而椭圆度检测是地铁隧道结构检测的重要工作。本文简单介绍了传统椭圆度检测的基本方法，分析了新型移动三维激光扫描检测系统基本原理及隧道椭圆度检测的方法和处理流程。通过工程案例实际应用以及对检测结果的综合分析，证明了移动三维激光扫描技术在盾构管片椭圆度检测中的优势。  相似文献   

深度卷积神经网络支持下的遥感影像飞机检测     

谢梦  刘伟  杨梦圆  柴琪  吉莉 《测绘通报》2019,(6):19-23

针对YOLOv3算法对小目标检测较差及出现较多漏检的问题，本文提出了一种优化的YOLOv3算法。首先使用K-means算法计算出与数据集相适用的锚框；其次将扩张卷积引入到YOLOv3网络，用来增强网络高层的感受野，改善小目标的检测效果；然后使用深度可分离卷积取代YOLOv3网络残差模块中的普通卷积，可减少计算量，从而得到一种新型卷积神经网络结构；最后在数据集上进行对比试验。结果表明，优化的YOLOv3算法能够检测出更多目标，降低漏检率，相比于YOLOv3算法，其召回率提高11.86%，F1-score提高2.99%。  相似文献